Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
The prime need of molecules which is used for multiple drug resistance pathogens, including bacteria and fungus particularly for mycobacteria. Synthesized the heterocyclic compound containing dipeptide (DP4) using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Characterized by mass spectroscopy and amino acid sequence analysis using LC-MS-MS. Antibacterial and antifungal evaluation has completed by zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The antimycobacterial evaluation has completed using percentage of reduction in relative light units (RLU) by Luciferase Reporter Phage (LPR) Assay. The compound was found to be extremely powerful inhibition against Bacillus subtillis and pseudomonas vulgaris at the concentration of 6.25 µg/ml as compared with standard at 25 µg/ml. The percentage of reduction in the relative light unit (RLU) of the compound DP4 was found to be 44.20% at the concentration of 100 µg/ml against clinical isolate of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethamputol resistant) as compared with control....
The present study aimed to isolate bacteria from marine sediments and evaluate their potential on blood clot lysis. Fibrinolytic activity was determined using skim milk agar and plasminogen-free fibrin plate. The clot lysis was assessed into the pre-clotted blood and incubation for 90 min at 37°C and was expressed as percentage of lysis of the clot. Streptokinase and water were used as positive and negative control which exhibited 85% and 2% lysis of clot respectively. Twenty five isolates showed protease activities, while only four of them secreted fibrinolytic enzyme. The highest fibrinolytic activity was shown by Bacillus sp. In conclusion, this result specifies the possibility of developing new fibrinolytic agents from marine sediment bacteria Bacillus sp....
NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains represent major clinical and infection control challenges, particularly in resource-\nlimited settings with high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Determining whether transmission occurs at a gene, plasmid,\nor bacterial strain level and within hospital and/or the community has implications for monitoring and controlling spread.\nWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) is the highest-resolution typing method available for transmission epidemiology. We sequenced\ncarbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates from 26 individuals involved in several infection case clusters in a Nepali\nneonatal unit and 68 other clinical Gram-negative isolates from a similar time frame, using Illumina and PacBio technologies.\nWithin-outbreak chromosomal and closed-plasmid structures were generated and used as data set-specific references. Three\ntemporally separated case clusters were caused by a single NDM K. pneumoniae strain with a conserved set of four plasmids, one\nbeing a 304,526-bp plasmid carrying blaNDM-1. The plasmids contained a large number of antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance\nand plasmid maintenance genes, which may have explained their persistence. No obvious environmental/human reservoir was\nfound. There was no evidence of transmission of outbreak plasmids to other Gram-negative clinical isolates, although blaNDM\nvariants were present in other isolates in different genetic contexts. WGS can effectively define complex antimicrobial resistance\nepidemiology. Wider sampling frames are required to contextualize outbreaks. Infection control may be effective in terminating\noutbreaks caused by particular strains, even in areas with widespread resistance, although this study could not demonstrate evidence\nsupporting specific interventions. Larger, detailed studies are needed to characterize resistance genes, vectors, and host\nstrains involved in disease, to enable effective intervention....
Background: Multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria producing extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs) are an\nemerging problem in human and veterinary medicine. This study focused on comparative molecular characterization\nof ?-lactamase and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from central Hesse in Germany. Isolates originated from\nhumans, companion animals (dogs and cats) and horses.\nResults: In this study 153 (83.6%) of the human isolates (n = 183) and 163 (91.6%) of the animal isolates (n = 178) were\nconfirmed as ESBL producers by PCR and subsequent sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Predominant ESBL subtypes in\nhuman and animal samples were CTX-M-15 (49.3%) and CTX-M-1 (25.8%) respectively. Subtype blaCTX-M-2 was found\nalmost exclusively in equine and was absent from human isolates. The carbapenemase OXA-48 was detected in 19\nertapenem-resistant companion animal isolates in this study. The Plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance (PMQR)\ngene aac(ââ?¬Ë?6)-Ib-cr was the most frequently detected antibiotic- resistance gene present in 27.9% of the human and\n36.9% of the animal ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Combinations of two or up to six different resistance genes\n(penicillinases, ESBLs and PMQR) were detected in 70% of all isolates investigated. The most frequent species in\nthis study was Escherichia coli (74%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.5%), and Enterobacter cloacae (4.2%).\nInvestigation of Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups revealed underrepresentation of group B2 within the animal\nisolates.\nConclusions: Isolates from human, companion animals and horses shared several characteristics regarding\npresence of ESBL, PMQR and combination of different resistance genes. The results indicate active transmission\nand dissemination of multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among human and animal populations...
Comparative genome analysis revealed seven uncharacterized genes, sven0909 to sven0915, adjacent to the previously identified\nchloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster (sven0916ââ?¬â??sven0928) of Streptomyces venezuelae strain ATCC 10712 that was absent\nin a closely related Streptomyces strain that does not produce chloramphenicol. Transcriptional analysis suggested that three of\nthese genes might be involved in chloramphenicol production, a prediction confirmed by the construction of deletion mutants.\nThese three genes encode a cluster-associated transcriptional activator (Sven0913), a phosphopantetheinyl transferase\n(Sven0914), and a Na/H antiporter (Sven0915). Bioinformatic analysis also revealed the presence of a previously undetected\ngene, sven0925, embedded within the chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster that appears to encode an acyl carrier protein,\nbringing the number of new genes likely to be involved in chloramphenicol production to four. Microarray experiments and\nsynteny comparisons also suggest that sven0929 is part of the biosynthetic gene cluster. This has allowed us to propose an updated\nand revised version of the chloramphenicol biosynthetic pathway....
Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to bacterial infections worldwide, mainly caused by\nMycobacterium tuberculosis. The antigen 85 complex comprises a set of major secreted proteins of M. tuberculosis,\nwhich are potential biomarkers for diagnostic.\nResults: In this work, the first human single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies specific for the tuberculosis\nbiomarker 85 B were selected by phage display from na�¯ve antibody gene libraries (HAL7/8). Produced as scFv-Fc\nin mammalian cells, these antibodies were further characterized and analysed for specificity and applicability in\ndifferent tuberculosis antigen detection assays. Sandwich detection of recombinant 85 B was successful in\nenzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow immunoassay and immunoblot. Whereas detection of\nM. tuberculosis cell extracts and culture filtrates was only possible in direct ELISA and immunoblot assays. It was\nfound that the conformation of 85 B, depending on sample treatment, influenced antigen detection.\nConclusions: Recombinant antibodies, selected by phage display, may be applicable for 85 B detection in various\nassays. These antibodies are candidates for the development of future point of care tuberculosis diagnostic kits. Using\n85 B as a biomarker, the antigen conformation influenced by sample treatment is important....
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